In ancient Egypt, licorice root was considered so valuable for its sweet and medicinal properties, that Pharaohs were found buried with it. The Egyptians of old would use the licorice to make a sweet drink, fit for a king. Today, licorice is made into a tea or infusion to treat sore throats, not to be confused with licorice candies, which are generally flavored with anise.
Glycyrrhizin is the chemical in licorice that is sweet to taste and contains anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. Studies have shown that it is helpful to individuals with respiratory ailments, such as asthma.
Topically, as an infused compress or gel, licorice root is used for alleviating acne and eczema.
It is possible that the many beneficial chemicals in licorice can help to fight cancer. However, it certainly helps alleviate some of the symptoms. For example, mouth sores inherent to some types of chemotherapy or radiation may be soothed by drinking licorice tea regularly.
Licorice may help to fight types of bacteria that cause cavities. It is also indicated for helping those with depression, stress, and fibromyalgia.
Licorice root interacts with certain drugs, including some blood thinners, cholesterol medications, blood pressure medication, diuretics, estrogen based contraceptives, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Frequent and large doses of licorice root over a long period of time may lead to the accumulation of Glycyrrhizin in the body. High accumulations of Glycyrrhizin may lead to muscle weakness, abnormal heart rhythms, low potassium levels and high blood pressure. Further caution should be taken for pregnant women or individuals suffering from kidney disease, congestive heart failure, and chronic high-blood pressure.
Please use moderation and care when using herbs and read our disclaimer
6784680
{6784680:39BRZ9D9},{6784680:NN3T5IEX},{6784680:MTLFJZ4S},{6784680:22V89ZSR},{6784680:236GVWN6},{6784680:MCCNPDUY},{6784680:9AVJYFDJ}
1
apa
50
default
1408
https://lae.nfa.temporary.site/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
%7B%22status%22%3A%22success%22%2C%22updateneeded%22%3Afalse%2C%22instance%22%3Afalse%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22request_last%22%3A0%2C%22request_next%22%3A0%2C%22used_cache%22%3Atrue%7D%2C%22data%22%3A%5B%7B%22key%22%3A%2239BRZ9D9%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A6784680%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BLicorice%20Root%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20%28n.d.%29.%20NCCIH.%20Retrieved%20August%2025%2C%202020%2C%20from%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.nccih.nih.gov%5C%2Fhealth%5C%2Flicorice-root%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.nccih.nih.gov%5C%2Fhealth%5C%2Flicorice-root%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22webpage%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Licorice%20Root%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22This%20fact%20sheet%20provides%20basic%20information%20about%20licorice%20root%5Cu2014common%20names%2C%20usefulness%20and%20safety%2C%20and%20resources%20for%20more%5Cu00a0information.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.nccih.nih.gov%5C%2Fhealth%5C%2Flicorice-root%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22U8LU2X8Y%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-08-25T07%3A22%3A16Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22NN3T5IEX%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A6784680%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BLicorice%3A%20Uses%2C%20Side%20Effects%2C%20Interactions%2C%20Dosage%2C%20and%20Warning%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20%28n.d.%29.%20Retrieved%20August%2025%2C%202020%2C%20from%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.webmd.com%5C%2Fvitamins%5C%2Fai%5C%2Fingredientmono-881%5C%2Flicorice%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.webmd.com%5C%2Fvitamins%5C%2Fai%5C%2Fingredientmono-881%5C%2Flicorice%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22webpage%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Licorice%3A%20Uses%2C%20Side%20Effects%2C%20Interactions%2C%20Dosage%2C%20and%20Warning%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Learn%20more%20about%20Licorice%20uses%2C%20effectiveness%2C%20possible%20side%20effects%2C%20interactions%2C%20dosage%2C%20user%20ratings%20and%20products%20that%20contain%20Licorice%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.webmd.com%5C%2Fvitamins%5C%2Fai%5C%2Fingredientmono-881%5C%2Flicorice%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22U8LU2X8Y%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-08-25T07%3A21%3A42Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22MTLFJZ4S%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A6784680%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Deutch%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019-10-14%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BDeutch%2C%20M.%20R.%2C%20Grimm%2C%20D.%2C%20Wehland%2C%20M.%2C%20Infanger%2C%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Kr%26%23xFC%3Bger%2C%20M.%20%282019%29.%20Bioactive%20Candy%3A%20Effects%20of%20Licorice%20on%20the%20Cardiovascular%20System.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BFoods%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B8%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2810%29.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3390%5C%2Ffoods8100495%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3390%5C%2Ffoods8100495%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Bioactive%20Candy%3A%20Effects%20of%20Licorice%20on%20the%20Cardiovascular%20System%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mikkel%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Deutch%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Daniela%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Grimm%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Markus%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wehland%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Manfred%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Infanger%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marcus%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kr%5Cu00fcger%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Licorice%2C%20today%20chiefly%20utilized%20as%20a%20flavoring%20additive%20in%20tea%2C%20tobacco%20and%20candy%2C%20is%20one%20of%20the%20oldest%20used%20herbs%20for%20medicinal%20purposes%20and%20consists%20of%20up%20to%20300%20active%20compounds.%20The%20main%20active%20constituent%20of%20licorice%20is%20the%20prodrug%20glycyrrhizin%2C%20which%20is%20successively%20converted%20to%203%5Cu03b2-monoglucuronyl-18%5Cu03b2-glycyrrhetinic%20acid%20%283MGA%29%20and%2018%5Cu03b2-glycyrrhetinic%20acid%20%28GA%29%20in%20the%20intestines.%20Despite%20many%20reported%20health%20benefits%2C%203MGA%20and%20GA%20inhibit%20the%2011-%5Cu03b2-hydrogenase%20type%20II%20enzyme%20%2811%5Cu03b2-HSD2%29%20oxidizing%20cortisol%20to%20cortisone.%20Through%20activation%20of%20mineralocorticoid%20receptors%2C%20high%20cortisol%20levels%20induce%20a%20mild%20form%20of%20apparent%20mineralocorticoid%20excess%20in%20the%20kidney%20and%20increase%20systemic%20vascular%20resistance.%20Continuous%20inhibition%20of%2011%5Cu03b2-HSD2%20related%20to%20excess%20licorice%20consumption%20will%20create%20a%20state%20of%20hypernatremia%2C%20hypokalemia%20and%20increased%20fluid%20volume%2C%20which%20can%20cause%20serious%20life-threatening%20complications%20especially%20in%20patients%20already%20suffering%20from%20cardiovascular%20diseases.%20Two%20recent%20meta-analyses%20of%2018%20and%2026%20studies%20investigating%20the%20correlation%20between%20licorice%20intake%20and%20blood%20pressure%20revealed%20statistically%20significant%20increases%20both%20in%20systolic%20%285.45%20mmHg%29%20and%20in%20diastolic%20blood%20pressure%20%283.19%5C%2F1.74%20mmHg%29.%20This%20review%20summarizes%20and%20evaluates%20current%20literature%20about%20the%20acute%20and%20chronic%20effects%20of%20licorice%20ingestion%20on%20the%20cardiovascular%20system%20with%20special%20focus%20on%20blood%20pressure.%20Starting%20from%20the%20molecular%20actions%20of%20licorice%20%28metabolites%29%20inside%20the%20cells%2C%20it%20describes%20how%20licorice%20intake%20is%20affecting%20the%20human%20body%20and%20shows%20the%20boundaries%20between%20the%20health%20benefits%20of%20licorice%20and%20possible%20harmful%20effects.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222019-10-14%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.3390%5C%2Ffoods8100495%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222304-8158%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%5C%2Fpmc%5C%2Farticles%5C%2FPMC6836258%5C%2F%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22U8LU2X8Y%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-08-25T07%3A21%3A37Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%2222V89ZSR%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A6784680%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Omar%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222012-08%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BOmar%2C%20H.%20R.%2C%20Komarova%2C%20I.%2C%20El-Ghonemi%2C%20M.%2C%20Fathy%2C%20A.%2C%20Rashad%2C%20R.%2C%20Abdelmalak%2C%20H.%20D.%2C%20Yerramadha%2C%20M.%20R.%2C%20Ali%2C%20Y.%2C%20Helal%2C%20E.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Camporesi%2C%20E.%20M.%20%282012%29.%20Licorice%20abuse%3A%20time%20to%20send%20a%20warning%20message.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BTherapeutic%20Advances%20in%20Endocrinology%20and%20Metabolism%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B3%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%284%29%2C%20125%26%23x2013%3B138.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1177%5C%2F2042018812454322%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1177%5C%2F2042018812454322%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Licorice%20abuse%3A%20time%20to%20send%20a%20warning%20message%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hesham%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Omar%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Irina%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Komarova%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mohamed%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22El-Ghonemi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ahmed%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fathy%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rania%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rashad%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hany%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Abdelmalak%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Muralidhar%20Reddy%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Yerramadha%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yaseen%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ali%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Engy%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Helal%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Enrico%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Camporesi%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Licorice%20extract%20has%20always%20been%20recognized%20as%20a%20sweetener%20and%20a%20thirst%20quencher.%20Its%20nutritive%20value%20is%20overrated%20by%20many%20who%20consume%20significant%20amounts%20and%20are%20prone%20to%20complications.%20Glycyrrhetic%20acid%2C%20the%20active%20metabolite%20in%20licorice%2C%20inhibits%20the%20enzyme%2011-%5Cu00df-hydroxysteroid%20dehydrogenase%20enzyme%20type%202%20with%20a%20resultant%20cortisol-induced%20mineralocorticoid%20effect%20and%20the%20tendency%20towards%20the%20elevation%20of%20sodium%20and%20reduction%20of%20potassium%20levels.%20This%20aldosterone-like%20action%20is%20the%20fundamental%20basis%20for%20understanding%20its%20health%20benefits%20and%20the%20wide%20spectrum%20of%20adverse%20effects.%20Herein%2C%20we%20present%20a%20comprehensive%20review%20of%20licorice%20along%20with%20the%20reported%20complications%20related%20to%20excess%20intake.%20Despite%20its%20apparent%20use%20in%20a%20few%20clinical%20scenarios%2C%20the%20daily%20consumption%20of%20licorice%20is%20never%20justified%20because%20its%20benefits%20are%20minor%20compared%20to%20the%20adverse%20outcomes%20of%20chronic%20consumption.%20The%20review%20highlights%20the%20importance%20of%20investigating%20the%20dietary%20habits%20and%20herbal%20remedies%20which%20are%20being%20used%20worldwide%20on%20cultural%20and%20habitual%20bases%20rather%20than%20reliable%20scientific%20evidence.%20Licorice%20is%20a%20US%20Food%20and%20Drug%20Administration%20%28FDA%29%20approved%20food%20supplement%20used%20in%20many%20products%20without%20precise%20regulations%20to%20prevent%20toxicity.%20Increased%20awareness%20among%20the%20public%20is%20required%20through%20TV%20commercials%2C%20newspapers%2C%20internet%20sites%2C%20magazines%20and%20product%20labels%20regarding%20the%20upper%20limit%20of%20ingestion%20and%20health%20hazards%20associated%20with%20excess%20intake.%20We%20hope%20that%20this%20review%20will%20serve%20as%20a%20warning%20message%20that%20should%20be%20transmitted%20from%20physicians%20to%20patients%20to%20avoid%20excessive%20licorice%20intake%20as%20well%20as%20a%20message%20to%20the%20FDA%20to%20start%20regulating%20the%20use%20of%20this%20substance.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222012-8%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1177%5C%2F2042018812454322%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222042-0188%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%5C%2Fpmc%5C%2Farticles%5C%2FPMC3498851%5C%2F%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22U8LU2X8Y%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-08-25T07%3A21%3A33Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22236GVWN6%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A6784680%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Song%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222013-12%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BSong%2C%20N.%20R.%2C%20Lee%2C%20E.%2C%20Byun%2C%20S.%2C%20Kim%2C%20J.-E.%2C%20Mottamal%2C%20M.%2C%20Park%2C%20J.%20H.%20Y.%2C%20Lim%2C%20S.%20S.%2C%20Bode%2C%20A.%20M.%2C%20Lee%2C%20H.%20J.%2C%20Lee%2C%20K.%20W.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Dong%2C%20Z.%20%282013%29.%20Isoangustone%20A%2C%20a%20novel%20licorice%20compound%2C%20inhibits%20cell%20proliferation%20by%20targeting%20PI3K%2C%20MKK4%2C%20and%20MKK7%20in%20human%20melanoma.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BCancer%20Prevention%20Research%20%28Philadelphia%2C%20Pa.%29%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B6%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2812%29%2C%201293%26%23x2013%3B1303.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1158%5C%2F1940-6207.CAPR-13-0134%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1158%5C%2F1940-6207.CAPR-13-0134%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Isoangustone%20A%2C%20a%20novel%20licorice%20compound%2C%20inhibits%20cell%20proliferation%20by%20targeting%20PI3K%2C%20MKK4%2C%20and%20MKK7%20in%20human%20melanoma%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nu%20Ry%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Song%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Eunjung%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lee%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sanguine%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Byun%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jong-Eun%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kim%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Madhusoodanan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mottamal%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jung%20Han%20Yoon%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Park%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Soon%20Sung%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lim%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ann%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bode%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hyong%20Joo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lee%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ki%20Won%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lee%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Zigang%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dong%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Licorice%20root%20is%20known%20to%20possess%20various%20bioactivities%2C%20including%20anti-inflammatory%20and%20anticancer%20effects.%20Glycyrrhizin%2C%20a%20triterpene%20compound%2C%20is%20the%20most%20abundant%20constituent%20of%20dried%20licorice%20root.%20However%2C%20high%20intake%20or%20long-term%20consumption%20of%20glycyrrhizin%20causes%20several%20side%20effects%2C%20such%20as%20hypertension%2C%20hypertensive%20encephalopathy%2C%20and%20hypokalemia.%20Therefore%2C%20finding%20additional%20active%20compounds%20other%20than%20glycyrrhizin%20in%20licorice%20that%20exhibit%20anticancer%20effects%20is%20worthwhile.%20We%20found%20that%20isoangustone%20A%20%28IAA%29%2C%20a%20novel%20flavonoid%20from%20licorice%20root%2C%20suppressed%20proliferation%20of%20human%20melanoma%20cells.%20IAA%20significantly%20blocked%20cell-cycle%20progression%20at%20the%20G1-phase%20and%20inhibited%20the%20expression%20of%20G1-phase%20regulatory%20proteins%2C%20including%20cyclins%20D1%20and%20E%20in%20the%20SK-MEL-28%20human%20melanoma%20cell%20line.%20IAA%20suppressed%20the%20phosphorylation%20of%20Akt%2C%20GSK-3%5Cu03b2%2C%20and%20JNK1%5C%2F2.%20IAA%20also%20bound%20to%20phosphoinositide%203-kinase%20%28PI3K%29%2C%20MKK4%2C%20and%20MKK7%2C%20strongly%20inhibiting%20their%20kinase%20activities%20in%20an%20ATP-competitive%20manner.%20Moreover%2C%20in%20a%20xenograft%20mouse%20model%2C%20IAA%20significantly%20decreased%20tumor%20growth%2C%20volume%2C%20and%20weight%20of%20SK-MEL-28%20xenografts.%20Collectively%2C%20these%20results%20suggest%20that%20PI3K%2C%20MKK4%2C%20and%20MKK7%20are%20the%20primary%20molecular%20targets%20of%20IAA%20in%20the%20suppression%20of%20cell%20proliferation.%20This%20insight%20into%20the%20biologic%20actions%20of%20IAA%20provides%20a%20molecular%20basis%20for%20the%20potential%20development%20of%20a%20new%20chemotherapeutic%20agent.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22Dec%202013%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22eng%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1158%5C%2F1940-6207.CAPR-13-0134%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221940-6215%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22U8LU2X8Y%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-08-25T07%3A21%3A25Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22MCCNPDUY%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A6784680%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Yehuda%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222015-06%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BYehuda%2C%20I.%2C%20Madar%2C%20Z.%2C%20Leikin-Frenkel%2C%20A.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Tamir%2C%20S.%20%282015%29.%20Glabridin%2C%20an%20isoflavan%20from%20licorice%20root%2C%20downregulates%20iNOS%20expression%20and%20activity%20under%20high-glucose%20stress%20and%20inflammation.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BMolecular%20Nutrition%20%26amp%3B%20Food%20Research%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B59%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%286%29%2C%201041%26%23x2013%3B1052.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Fmnfr.201400876%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Fmnfr.201400876%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Glabridin%2C%20an%20isoflavan%20from%20licorice%20root%2C%20downregulates%20iNOS%20expression%20and%20activity%20under%20high-glucose%20stress%20and%20inflammation%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Itamar%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Yehuda%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Zecharia%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Madar%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alicia%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Leikin-Frenkel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Snait%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tamir%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22SCOPE%3A%20In%20females%2C%20hyperglycemia%20abolishes%20estrogen-vascular%20protection%2C%20leading%20to%20inflammation%20and%20oxidative%20stress%20that%20are%20related%20to%20diabetes-associated%20cardiovascular%20complications.%20Such%20knowledge%20led%20us%20to%20examine%20the%20potential%20of%20glabridin%2C%20as%20a%20replacement%20of%20estrogen%20anti-inflammatory%20activity%20under%20high-glucose%20conditions.%5CnMETHODS%20AND%20RESULTS%3A%20In%20macrophage-like%20cells%2C%20chronic%20glucose%20stress%20%2828%20and%2044%20mM%29%20upregulated%20inducible%20nitric%20oxide%20synthase%20%28iNOS%29%20mRNA%20expression%20by%2042%20and%20189%25%2C%20respectively.%20Pretreatment%20with%20glabridin%2C%20under%20chronic%20glucose%20stress%2C%20downregulated%20the%20LPS-induced%20nitric%20oxide%20secretion%20and%20nitrotyrosine%20formation%2C%20by%2039%20and%2021%25%2C%20respectively.%20Pretreatment%20with%20estradiol%20did%20not%20prevent%20the%20LPS-induced%20nitrotyrosine%20formation.%20Furthermore%2C%20glabridin%2C%20brought%20about%20a%20decrease%20in%20the%20LPS-induced%20iNOS%20mRNA%20expression%20by%2048%25%2C%20as%20compared%20to%20cells%20pretreated%20with%20estradiol.%20Glabridin%20decreased%20protein%20levels%20of%20liver%20iNOS%20by%2069%25%20in%20adult%20mouse%20offspring%20which%20developed%20hyperglycemia%20after%20early%20fetal%20exposure%20to%20a%20saturated%20fatty%20acid-enriched%20maternal%20diet.%20Glabridin%20also%20decreased%20liver%20nitrotyrosine%20levels%20in%20offspring%20of%20regular%20diet-fed%20mothers%20after%20further%20receiving%20high-fat%20diet.%5CnCONCLUSION%3A%20Such%20results%20indicate%20that%20glabridin%20retains%20anti-inflammatory%20abilities%20to%20regulate%20the%20synthesis%20and%20activity%20of%20iNOS%20under%20high-glucose%20levels%2C%20implying%20that%20a%20glabridin%20supplement%20may%20serve%20as%20an%20anti-inflammatory%20agent%20in%20diabetes-related%20vascular%20dysfunction.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22Jun%202015%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22eng%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1002%5C%2Fmnfr.201400876%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221613-4133%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22U8LU2X8Y%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-08-25T07%3A21%3A19Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%229AVJYFDJ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A6784680%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Kirschmann%2C%20J.%2C%20%26%20Inc.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222006%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BKirschmann%2C%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Inc.%20%282006%29.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BNutrition%20Almanac%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%20%286th%20ed.%29.%20McGraw%20Hill%20Publishing.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22book%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Nutrition%20Almanac%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kirschmann%2C%20J.%2C%20%26%20Inc.%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222006%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22U8LU2X8Y%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-08-10T09%3A50%3A47Z%22%7D%7D%5D%7D
Licorice Root. (n.d.). NCCIH. Retrieved August 25, 2020, from https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/licorice-root
Licorice: Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, Dosage, and Warning. (n.d.). Retrieved August 25, 2020, from https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-881/licorice
Deutch, M. R., Grimm, D., Wehland, M., Infanger, M., & Krüger, M. (2019). Bioactive Candy: Effects of Licorice on the Cardiovascular System. Foods, 8(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/foods8100495
Omar, H. R., Komarova, I., El-Ghonemi, M., Fathy, A., Rashad, R., Abdelmalak, H. D., Yerramadha, M. R., Ali, Y., Helal, E., & Camporesi, E. M. (2012). Licorice abuse: time to send a warning message. Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism, 3(4), 125–138. https://doi.org/10.1177/2042018812454322
Song, N. R., Lee, E., Byun, S., Kim, J.-E., Mottamal, M., Park, J. H. Y., Lim, S. S., Bode, A. M., Lee, H. J., Lee, K. W., & Dong, Z. (2013). Isoangustone A, a novel licorice compound, inhibits cell proliferation by targeting PI3K, MKK4, and MKK7 in human melanoma. Cancer Prevention Research (Philadelphia, Pa.), 6(12), 1293–1303. https://doi.org/10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-13-0134
Yehuda, I., Madar, Z., Leikin-Frenkel, A., & Tamir, S. (2015). Glabridin, an isoflavan from licorice root, downregulates iNOS expression and activity under high-glucose stress and inflammation. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, 59(6), 1041–1052. https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.201400876
Kirschmann, J., & Inc. (2006). Nutrition Almanac (6th ed.). McGraw Hill Publishing.